Oil and Gas law, for purposes of this Directory, is defined in the widest sense in order to identify those firms capable of providing a full service to industry clients. As such, the practice area encompasses all manner of upstream and downstream work including exploration and drilling agreements; infrastructure, engineering and service contracts; production, licencing, leasing, operation and royalty agreements; joint ventures and syndications; taxation; environmental approvals, compliance and site abandonment; federal and provincial regulatory applications; financing including project financing, structured financing, debt and secured financings, capital markets and private placement financing; storage, processing, refining, marketing, pipelines and distribution; acquisitions, mergers and takeovers; international concessions, exploration and development.